The treatment process of rural domestic sewage is an important component of environmental protection and sustainable development in rural areas. The following will introduce several mainstream rural domestic sewage treatment processes:

1、 Non powered septic tank treatment:

-Process flow: Separation tank → Decay tank → Acidification tank → Oxidation tank → Discharge.

-Features: No power, low energy consumption, small footprint, good effluent quality. But there are disadvantages such as difficulty in cleaning, generation of foul odors, and blockage of pipelines.

-Scope of application: Suitable for dispersed rural areas, it can effectively remove suspended solids and some organic matter in sewage.

II Anaerobic biofilter technology:

-Principle: Utilizing anaerobic microorganisms to decompose organic matter in anaerobic environments, producing by-products such as biogas.

-Features: Small footprint, low energy consumption, good treatment effect, can effectively degrade most of the organic matter in sewage, while reducing the amount of sludge generated.

-Scope of application: Especially suitable for treating high concentration organic wastewater.

III Activated sludge process technology:

-Principle: By continuously introducing air into the sewage, aerobic microorganisms can multiply in large numbers to form activated sludge, which utilizes the biological adsorption and oxidation of activated sludge to remove organic matter from the sewage.

-Characteristics: High processing efficiency, good effluent quality, but relatively complex operation and management, requiring professional technical personnel for maintenance.

-Scope of application: In rural areas, operational costs can be reduced by simplifying design and adopting automated control systems.

4 Underground soil infiltration purification:

-Principle: Purify wastewater by utilizing the physical and chemical interactions of microorganisms, plant roots, and soil particles in the soil.

-Features: Low construction cost, simple operation and management, and good environmental benefits. However, it is important to choose appropriate soil types and reasonable water distribution methods to ensure effective treatment.

-Scope of application: Suitable for various rural areas, but it should be noted that the load is low and not suitable for areas with concentrated population and high sewage production.

Five Artificial wetland treatment system:

-Principle: Simulate natural wetland ecosystems and purify wastewater through plant absorption, microbial degradation, soil filtration, and other processes.

-Features: Good purification effect, high landscape value, low operating cost. But it is easily affected by climate, especially in cold seasons, when sewage freezes, the microbial decomposition ability in wetlands will be greatly reduced.

-Scope of application: Suitable for mountainous rural areas with poor terrain and vacant land in front and behind houses.

VI Ecological pond technology:

-Principle: Natural or artificial ponds that utilize the natural purification capacity of water bodies to treat wastewater, with solar energy as the initial energy source, are enhanced by a symbiotic system of bacteria and algae to remove organic matter.

-Features: Simple operation, easy maintenance, and can bring certain economic and ecological benefits.

-Scope of application: It is an effective method for implementing sewage resource utilization in water scarce and arid areas.

7 MBR membrane bioreactor:

-Principle: Combining the advantages of activated sludge process and membrane separation technology, activated sludge is effectively separated from effluent through ultrafiltration or microfiltration membranes, achieving high efficiency purification of sewage.

-Features: High processing efficiency, good effluent quality, but significant initial investment.

-Scope of application: Suitable for small-scale sewage treatment projects in rural areas, especially in areas with sufficient sunlight.

8 Integrated sewage treatment equipment:

-Principle: An integrated sewage treatment system that integrates pre-treatment, biological treatment, sedimentation, disinfection, and other processes.

-Features: Compact structure, small footprint, easy installation, and convenient operation and management.

-Scope of application: Especially suitable for small-scale sewage treatment projects in rural areas.

When choosing a rural domestic sewage treatment process, full consideration should be given to the local conditions, including topography, economic development level, and the economic burden that the treatment can bear. The collection and treatment of rural domestic sewage should be carried out according to local conditions. At the same time, attention should also be paid to maintenance and management in the later stage to ensure the stable operation and standard discharge of sewage treatment facilities.